Developed vacuum photocells and photoelectron multipliers have high temporal resolution, unmatched values of the linear output current, wide range of spectral sensitivity of 300 to 800 nm.
Vacuum photocells
Vacuum photocells are meant for measuring pulsed light flux with a wide spectral sensitivity range 300 nm to 650 nm, high time resolution 0.1 ÷ 1.0 ns and output pulse linear current 2.5 A to 11 A. Based of vacuum photocells, the Institute developed and supplies scintillation low-sensitivity detectors of neutrons and gammas with sensitivity in the range of 10-20÷10-16 A sm2 s/part.
Specification of vacuum photocells
| Specifications | SDF 15M | SDF 20 | SDF 21 |
| Range of spectral sensitivity, nm | 300-650 | 350-650 | 300-650 |
| Type of photocathode | Sb - Cs | Sb - Cs | Sb - Cs |
| Photocathode diameter (mm) | 25 | 50 | 12 |
| Light sensitivity of photocathode, µA/lm, no less than | 25 | 20 | 20 |
| Limit of linearity of output current, A, no less than | 11,0 | 8,0 | 2,5 |
| Dark current, nA, no more than | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,05 |
| Duration of pulse response, ps, no more than | 500 | 1000 | 100 |
| Supply voltage, kV | 1,8 | 1,8 | 1,5 |
| Dimensions: diameter, mm
height, mm |
40 40 |
92 85 |
30 30 |
SDF 15М
SDF 20
SDF 21
Photoelectron multipliers
Photoelectron multipliers are meant for detection of weak pulsed radiation flux in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectrum in the range 300 ÷ 800 nm, with gain in the range 102÷107, the output pulsed linear current 0.15 ÷ 2.5 A and high time resolution 0.5 ÷ 5 ns. Based on the photoelectron multipliers, the Institute developed and supplies scintillation detectors with sensitivity in the range 10-16÷10-9 A cm2 s/part. used in measurement of ionizing radiation flux.
Specifications of photoelectron multipliers
| Specifications | SNFT3 | SNFT5 | SNFT18M | SNFT20 | SNFT21 | SNFT22 |
| Range of spectral sensitivity, nm | 350-650 | 350-650 | 300-650 | 350-650 | 300-800 | 350-650 |
| Type of photocathode | Sb - Cs | Sb - Cs | Sb - Cs | Sb - Cs | Sb-K-Na-Cs | Sb - Cs |
| Photocathode diameter (mm) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| Sensitivity of photocathode, µA/lm | 20 | 20 | 25 | 20 | 120 | 20 |
| Light anode sensitivity, A/lm | 50-400 | 0,5-10 | 4-160 | no less than 30 | no less than 5 | 0,005-0,020 |
| Limit of linearity of output current, A, no less than | 2,5 | 2,5 | 0,5 | 0,15 | 1,5 | 1,5 |
| Dark current, mA, no more than | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,05 |
| Duration of pulse response, ns | 5,0 | 5,0 | 1,0 | 0,5 | 1,7 | 5,0 |
| Supply voltage, kV | 4,0 | 3,4 | 6,8 | 6,8 | 6,8 | 4,0 |
| Dimensions: diameter, mm
height, mm |
91 177 |
91 157 |
91 200 |
91 200 |
91 200 |
91 140 |
SNFT3, SNFT5
SNFT22
SNFT18М
SNFT20
Electro-optical converters
Chronographic electron-optical converters developed in the Pulsed Technique Science & Production Center of VNIIA are designed to detect the spatial-temporal characteristics of pulsed optical emission flux. Electron-optical converters have radiation detection spectral range 220 to 1060 nm, temporal resolution 1 to 20 ps, spatial resolution 10 to 30 lines/mm, dynamic range of detection 100 to 1,000 (depending on temporal resolution). Based on chronographic electron-optical converters, the Institute produces electro-optical recorders used in research of fast processes of picosecond to millisecond scale.
